| In
the 385th Bomb Group
the policy was for tail gunners to take off and land IN the tail position.
Previously, an attack by German night intruders had taken place in the
darkening skies over East Anglia. They stealthily slipped into a returning
bomber stream and several B-24s had been shot down. To preclude a repeat
of this disaster, tail gunners would henceforth remain at their guns through
takeoffs and landings. I don't know whether the order was universal throughout
the Eighth Air Force, but is was in effect in the 385th.
Let's divert
for a moment to discuss superstition. Some crewmen carried a rabbits foot,
or perhaps a photo of a girl friend or relative, or any number of different
objects as "good luck charms", but there was a general feeling that if
you got back from a mission in good shape, "don't change anything..."
If you did things in a certain sequence, do it the same way again. In
some ways this might have had some beneficial effects. The airmen tended
to constantly review the order of things and would be less apt to forget
something important. Repetition is, after all one of the great tools of
training. Under stress, when time is extremely short, repetitious training
can prove to be a lifesaver. One can quickly react, without a lot of complicated
thought processes. Have I tended to complicate a very simple thing? Probably
yes!
So the tail
gunner boards through the tail hatch. That's the way he boarded for his
first mission and that's the way he will board for all missions. Who says
he's superstitious?
The tail
gunners position in a B-17 has one advantage. Great visibility. This
is especially true of the G model with the modified Cheyenne tail. This
modification allows ability to see in all directions except straight
forward or straight downward. The gunner can clearly see both the outer
port and starboard engine nacelles on the wing ahead, if he cranes his
head a bit. Directly above is a small clear Plexiglas oval window which
allows a view of the rudder movements. The space is confined but not
cramped or claustrophobic. The visibility helps in this regard. Everything
needed is close at hand. The gunner kneels on two knee pads and sits
on a bicycle seat between. These support his weight adequately, though
not comfortably. Facing the rear (6 o'clock) the guns are about a foot
in front of the gunner. These are "hand held". All movements are made
physically by the gunner with no power assist. However they are well
balanced and can be manipulated quite easily. The two caliber .50 M2
Browning machine guns are cradled in Bell Mount Adapters which hydraulically
cushion the recoil of the guns. Above the guns is an armored glass view
plate and just in front of this is the gun sight. This sight is a straightforward,
non-computing sight with an illuminated ring reticule. It moves in exact
coordination with the guns. On either side of the gunner are large boxes
containing 1,000 rounds of cal .50 ammo. On your right side is the oxygen
supply regulator, and the rheostat for adjusting the electrically-heated
suit. Also in the near vicinity is a rubberized small funnel and tube
leading to the outside of the aircraft. This is the "relief tube" and
is used when nature calls. It is rubberized for the same reason that
the silk gloves are worn on the hands. Were it not so, a VERY tender
part of the anatomy might stick to the frozen funnel and cause immeasurable
grief. Also on the right of the position is the radio receiver selector
for intercom, command channel, etc. The 'push to talk switch' is mounted
on the gun grips. There is a spare "walk around" oxygen bottle mounted
on the left which is used to supply portable breathing capability if
an emergency arises involving other crew members. So there it is...sparse
but compact. It will be the gunners space for the next eight or ten
hours.
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